Formerly known as Universal Energy Systems, Inc. in operation as a firm long before SBIR implemenation, UES is structrured around research and development and technical support services to government and industry customers, with a particular focus on the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) as a primary customer. SBIR-involved from soon after the program went all-agency, the company has provided on-site technical support for research in the areas of ceramics and composites, metallurgy and materials science, applied research, application engineering, finite element modeling, equipment and product design, vacuum systems operation, electron microscopy, computer programming, software development, computer graphics, computational materials science, failure analysis, statistical data analysis, materials processing, project management, technical writing, human factors engineering, surface engineering techniques, nano materials, biotechnology, environmental science, and toxicology, as well as CVD, PVD, and Ion beam processing. The companys products include Robo-Met.3D, an automated serial sectioning system for three-dimensional micro structural investigations; YAG Transparent Ceramics, which are used for infrared windows, laser sources, and gas envelopes; TitanCoat for thermal fatigue resistance or heat checking used by automobile manufacturers and die casters; multi-layer coatings for cutting and forming tool applications; ultra-low friction DLC coatings; oxidation resistant coatings for carbon-carbon composites used in aircraft brake applications; coatings for carbon-carbon bearing cage that enable hydrodynamic film formation upon oil lubrication; coatings for infrared detector materials; and coated conductors. UES has used a variety of commercialization and transition models to get their developed technologies into use-condition. These include creating subsidiaries and associated spin-off enterprises, floating IPOs, and licensing technologies.