In June 2005 Thios Pharmaceuticals dissolved and went out of business. Thios Pharmaceuticals had been focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of innovative products targeting sulfation pathways, the addition and subtraction of sulfate molecules to important biological glycoproteins. The key components of sulfation pathways are known to be regulators of cellular communication, which can become dysfunctional in specific diseases such as inflammation, cancer and microbial infection. While the kinases, which attach a phosphate group to proteins, have emerged over the last decade as one of the most exciting and proliferative classes of biological targets, sulfation is rapidly emerging as an innovative field that has the potential to define the next decade of drug discovery research.