We propose to develop a method of trapping biting midges including Culicoides. Biting midges are economically important insect pests. Their presence in large numbers can have a detrimental impact on land development and tourism. In addition, these insects are the vector of bluetongue, an arbovirus which is transmitted in cattle and sheep during repeated blood-feeding by biting flies. Our approach is to identify attractants used by Culicoides locate potential vertebrate hosts. In Phase I of this grant, we identified and characterized the carbon dioxide receptor neuron found in sensilla on the maxillary palps of this insect. However, these maxillary palps sensilla were not sensitive to any other chemical tested. Therefore, in Phase II, we will continue these electrophysiological studies on the antenna. We expect to locate neurons sensitive to other chemical attractants. Concurrent with these studies, we propose a series of field test aimed at determining what signals Culicoides use to orient to host. Such studies will lead to the development of an effective trap for Culicoides and should be useful for control of this economically- important pest species. ANTICIPATED RESULTS & POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH We anticipate development of an effective trapping system based on these electrophysiological and field experiments. In these studies, we will use our commercially available trap, the Mosquito Magnet, produced and marketed by American Biophysics Corp. This trap is designed to capture blood-seeking insects and could be enhanced with additional attractant cues. The potential commercial application of a more insect specific trap would be to locally control populations of biting midges, which could lessen the social and economic impact of this pest insect.
