High-order Cavities for Enabling High-field MAS-DNP-NMR with Low-cost THz Sources Abstract Recently the first atomic-resolution structures of the A?40 and A?42 amyloid fibrils that play an important role in Alzheimers Disease (AD) were solved by a combination of methods that relied critically on solid-state NMR (ssNMR). Key to that structure determination was a technique denoted as dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) with magic angle spinning (MAS). While Cryo EM, scanning tunneling electron microscopy (STEM) and other methods provided much useful information and low-resolution structures, recent advances in MAS-NMR methods provided essential restraints and additional crucial information, including sidechain dynamics important in protein functions and in understanding of myriad mechanisms of their action. Hence, developing transformational advances for ssNMR is crucial for both structural biology and biomedical research in general, for progress in addressing Alzheimers Disease, novel viruses, cancer, arthritis, and other inflammasome-related diseases, particularly for providing regio-specific drug binding information enabling detailing of the mechanism of action for effective drugs. High-field (>11 T) MAS-DNP systems thus far have all required the high microwave power only available from gyrotrons. Because of their narrow bandwidth, they then require an NMR magnet with superconducting sweep coils and thus directly and indirectly add $1.5-3M to the system cost. Moreover, the DNP methods are limited by the poor frequency agility of gyrotrons, and many crowded NMR laboratories simply do not have space to accommodate a gyrotron or the funds to acquire one. While a recent advance in a commercially available 1.3-mm MAS-DNP probe showed improved microwave efficiency at 9.4 T (400 MHz/263 GHz), our detailed simulations show that still only 2-9% of the incident micro- wave power is dissipated within the lossy sample. This suggests there is room for another order of magnitude improvement in microwave efficiency, and our preliminary simulations of a novel high-order microwave cavity compatible with a novel MAS spinner design further support this goal. This proposed Phase I SBIR will carry out in silico evaluations of novel fast-MAS spinner designs with integral high-order microwave cavities that promise order-of-magnitude increases in microwave efficiency at frequencies in the 195-528 GHz range (as needed for NMR at 7-18.8 T). Experimental evaluations of novel cavity- MAS-DNP modules will be carried out using a solid-state source on the bench and in a triple-resonance 500MHz/328GHz 1.3-mm MAS-DNP probe at 11.7 T. It is expected that this advance, in combination with several other technological advances being pursued in other projects, will eventually enable DNP to be added to existing ssNMR high-field systems without the requirement of either a specialized magnet or a gyrotron. Public Health Relevance Statement High-order Cavities for Enabling High-field MAS-DNP-NMR with Low-cost THz Sources Narrative Thousands of researchers regularly use Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques for structure and function determination in biological macromolecules. The advances developed under this project, combined with several other advances under separate projects, will allow NMR laboratories to improve their sensitivity on solids by orders of magnitude, on a budget they will be able to afford. This will equip biomedical researchers with superb new tools for the structure-function studies of membrane proteins and cellular membrane systems.
Project Terms: Alzheimer's Disease ; AD dementia ; Alzheimer ; Alzheimer Type Dementia ; Alzheimer disease ; Alzheimer sclerosis ; Alzheimer syndrome ; Alzheimer's ; Alzheimer's disease dementia ; Alzheimers Dementia ; Alzheimers disease ; Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia ; dementia of the Alzheimer type ; primary degenerative dementia ; senile dementia of the Alzheimer type ; Arthritis ; arthritic ; Biomedical Research ; Budgets ; Malignant Neoplasms ; Cancers ; Malignant Tumor ; malignancy ; neoplasm/cancer ; Crowding ; Disease ; Disorder ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Drugs ; Medication ; Pharmaceutic Preparations ; drug/agent ; Future ; Goals ; HIV ; AIDS Virus ; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Virus ; Human Immunodeficiency Viruses ; LAV-HTLV-III ; Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus ; Virus-HIV ; Laboratories ; Magic ; Membrane Proteins ; Membrane Protein Gene ; Membrane-Associated Proteins ; Surface Proteins ; Methods ; microwave electromagnetic radiation ; Microwave Electromagnetic ; Microwaves ; microwave radiation ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ; Optics ; optical ; Play ; Power Sources ; Power Supplies ; Proline ; L-Proline ; Proteins ; Research Personnel ; Investigators ; Researchers ; Role ; social role ; Time ; silicon nitride ; Si3N4 ; Measures ; Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ; Electron Scanning Tunnel Microscopy ; Price ; pricing ; enhancing factor ; macromolecule ; improved ; Solid ; Phase ; Biological ; Evaluation ; Funding ; Shapes ; tool ; restraint ; Pulse ; Physiologic pulse ; millimeter ; Frequencies ; Source ; Techniques ; System ; Nuclear ; solid state ; structural biology ; Cryo-electron Microscopy ; Electron Cryomicroscopy ; cryo-EM ; cryoEM ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Structure ; simulation ; novel ; Reporting ; Sampling ; Molecular Interaction ; Binding ; Address ; Amyloid Fibrils ; Resolution ; Cellular Membrane ; Small Business Innovation Research Grant ; SBIR ; Small Business Innovation Research ; protein function ; Development ; developmental ; cost ; novel virus ; design ; designing ; innovation ; innovate ; innovative ; solid state nuclear magnetic resonance ; SSNMR ; solid state NMR ; Inflammasome ; in silico ; Amyloid beta-42 ; A β-42 ; A β42 ; A-beta 42 ; A-beta42 ; Abeta-42 ; Abeta42 ; Amyloid beta42 ; Amyloid β-42 ; Amyloid β42 ; Amyloidβ-42 ; Amyloidβ42 ; Aβ-42 ; Aβ42 ;
