Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) affects nearly 3 million people in the United States over 20 million people globally. A subset of patients have unstable T1D because they possess poor glycemic control and severe hypoglycemia unawareness. While whole organ pancreas and islet transplantation can cure unstable T1D, these treatments are limited by immunosuppression therapy and scarcity of donor tissue. In contrast, encapsulating islets within an immunoprotecting membrane is a promising approach to eliminate the need for immunosuppression, but previous attempts suffered from low mass transfer rates of oxygen, glucose, and insulin in diffusion-based devices. In order to solve the limitations of diffusion, previous groups tested intravascular convection-based devices and showed some promise, but they provided insufficient ultrafiltration rates to provide sufficient islet oxygenation and glucose-insulin kinetics. In contrast, Silicon Kidney is commercializing the silicon nanopore membrane (SNM), which produces high levels of ultrafiltrate (>10x polymer membranes used in previous ultrafiltrate-based BAP devices) at physiologic blood pressures, providing exceptional convective mass transfer enabling a functional BAP. To further enhance islet oxygenation, perfluorocarbons, which are high oxygen capacity materials, can be incorporated into the islet cell scaffold to mimic the oxygen storage and release properties of hemoglobin by allowing oxygen to be stored during the isletâs low oxygen consumption state (fasting state) and released during the isletâs high oxygen consumption state (post-meal). In this Phase I SBIR project, we will combine the SNM-enabled convection and a perfluorocarbon-based cell scaffold to demonstrate unprecedented islet oxygenation and function, while allowing a reduction in overall device size.
Public Health Relevance Statement: Project Narrative Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) affects approximately 3 million Americans and incurs a substantial cost to the US health care system. Our multidisciplinary team at Silicon Kidney LLC and the University of California, San Francisco is developing a new intravascular bioartificial pancreas (iBAP) that will improve T1D outcomes, increase patient quality of life, and significantly reduce the cost of T1D on the health care system.
Project Terms: Adult; Affect; American; Anastomosis - action; Area; arm; Arteries; Award; base; Blood; Blood flow; Blood Pressure; Blood Vessels; California; Catheters; Cells; Consumption; Convection; cost; density; design; Devices; Diffuse; Diffusion; Drops; Emulsions; Encapsulated; Family suidae; Fasting; Fluorocarbons; Geometry; Glucose; glycemic control; Grant; Healthcare Systems; hemocompatibility; Hemoglobin; Hour; Housing; hypoglycemia unawareness; Immunosuppression; implantation; improved; innovation; Insulin; Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; islet; Islet Cell; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Kidney; Kinetics; Legal patent; Mechanics; Membrane; Modeling; multidisciplinary; nanopore; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Nutrient; off-patent; Organ; Outcome; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Pancreas; patient subsets; Patients; Permeability; Phase; Physiological; Polymers; pressure; Production; Property; prototype; Quality of life; Safety; San Francisco; scaffold; scale up; Silicon; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Technology; Testing; Therapeutic immunosuppression; Tissue Donors; Transplantation; type I diabetic; Ultrafiltration; United States; Universities; Veins; Ven
