Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) methods have improved vastly over the last three decades. The development of technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) have enabled pregnancy for couples previously incapable of having their own children. However, despite these advancements in reproductive technologies, there have not been significant developments in instrumentation for standardizing semen sample preparation procedures for intrauterine insemination (IUI). Current clinical semen sample preparation procedures are manual, tedious, slow, prone to human error, and likely harmful to sperm due to excessive centrifugation steps. The labor- and equipment-intensive nature of sperm preparation for IUI precludes many non-specialty OB/GYN clinics from offering this service to patients, and generally limits patient access to larger cities with Andrology laboratories. Significant problems that Nanonc will address with the current proposal are: 1) limited access to fertility care (specifically IUI) due to high costs and the need for trained Andrology personnel and specialized facilities, 2) suboptimal sperm preparation results due to extended protocol times and sperm loss during processing, and 3) risks of laboratory errors inherent in multi-step sperm preparation protocols. Nanonc proposes a system (utilizing microfluidics) for sperm sample preparation that will take in raw ejaculate and output a purified sperm population in an IUI syringe in less than 15 minutes. The IUI syringe will be detachable from the rest of the system. During the 15 minutes, the clinician will not need to perform any actions; as the system will run all of the sample processing steps in an automated fashion. Furthermore, the system will have a footprint of a small desktop printer that is portable to be conveniently placed on a bench in clinical setting. A portable system that performs automated isolation of sperm from ejaculate will revolutionize sperm processing and increase access to sperm sample preparation. Additionally the system will decrease cost, time and skill required to process sperm, and potentially improve outcomes for patients with low sperm counts. By increasing the yield and precision of sperm isolation and concentration techniques, our approach has the potential to offer this exact benefit by specifically providing the opportunity for some patients to try less invasive and less expensive procedures.
Public Health Relevance Statement: Project Narrative Current clinical semen sample preparation procedures are manual, tedious, slow, prone to human error, and likely harmful to sperm due to excessive centrifugation steps. The labor- and equipment-intensive nature of sperm preparation for IUI also precludes many non-specialty OB/GYN clinics from offering this service to patients, and generally limits patient access to larger cities with Andrology laboratories. Nanonc proposes a system (utilizing microfluidics) that would help solve these problems related to sperm sample preparation; the system will take in raw ejaculate and output a purified sperm population in an IUI syringe in less than 15 minutes.
Project Terms: Address; Andrology; Assisted Reproductive Technology; Automation; base; Caring; Centrifugation; Child; Cities; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Collaborations; Computer software; cost; Couples; Cryopreservation; Density Gradient Centrifugation; design; Development; Devices; Engineering; Equipment; Fertility; Fertilization in Vitro; foot; Genetic Screening; Goals; human error; Human Resources; improved; improved outcome; Insemination; instrumentation; Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injections; intrauterine insemination; Investments; Label; Laboratories; Laboratory Technicians; Liquid substance; Manuals; Methods; Microfluidic Microchips; Microfluidics; Nature; Output; Patient-Focused Outcomes; Patients; Phase; point of care; Population; portability; Positioning Attribute; Pregnancy; preimplantation; Preparation; Privatization; Problem Solving; Procedures; Process; Protocols documentation; prototype; Randomized; Recovery; reproductive; Reproductive Medicine; Reproductive Technology; Research; Rest; Risk; Running; Sampling; Seminal fluid; Seminal Plasma; Services; skills; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; software systems; Somatic Cell; sperm cell; Sperm Count Procedure; Standardization; Syringes; System; Techniques; technology development; Testing; Time; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Utah; Work
