Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) includes a broad range of progressive disease stages: fatty liver, alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.1-3 In spite of being one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, there are currently no effective strategies that can prevent, treat or monitor the progress of ALD owing primarily to lack of human and physiologically-relevant research models. At Emulate we have developed proprietary technology to build human microphysiological systems recapitulating tissue architecture to achieve organ level physiological functions. We have recently used this technology and developed a mature, functional human Liver-Chip we can maintain for more than four weeks in culture. Our proposed research will focus on developing the ALD-Chip based on the current model of Liver-Chip. The goal of the proposed Phase I SBIR is to develop a human, physiologically relevant ALD model on chip and recapitulate the different stages of human disease progression from potential for reversibility as it has been well described in human patients1,3-5 to the different stages of the irreversible disease. Along these lines we will develop the ALD-Chip to model the main aspects of ALD, including alcoholic fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis steatosis (ASH) (Phase I), and eventually (Phase II) the alcoholic fibrotic disease stage. Emulate's developed Liver-Chip is a microphysiological system constructed with primary human hepatic cells (the gold standard in the field) inside a microengineered environment incorporating flow, that emulates the liver sinusoid space architecture and allows for dynamic assessment of liver functions over time. Based on this recent development that provides significant improvements as compared to the previously described in vitro systems for human liver studies,4-6 we are now enabled to apply ethanol concentrations relevant to those measured in human patients blood and monitor development of human ALD on the Chip using clinically relevant endpoints. Combination of ethanol dosing and length of experimentation should recapitulate the different stages in ALD progression including capability for reversibility of the established phenotype. The proposed research for Phase I of this SBIR has two aims: (i) The development and optimization of human ALD-Chip by characterizing the dose-response to physiological relevant ethanol dosing conditions (Aim I), and (ii) to validate the in vivo relevance of human ALD-Chip developed in Aim 1 by the characterization of the progression of different ASH stages in the ALD-Chip: (1) alcoholic fatty liver and (2) alcoholic hepatitis and determine the reversibility of the pathology in association to severity and time as in the human disease. We plan to optimize the ALD-Chip to provide the scientific community with a platform for new drug development and screening for liver injury therapies, treatments for protection of alcohol users from transitioning to more severe disease stages associated with a number of co-morbidities. Further, as all Emulate's Organ Chips are based on human primary cells they can be used to provide insights on patient-specific responses, as needed, and to support targeted diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers discovery. In conclusion, we propose to develop an ALD-Chip to translate ALD preclinical data into a testable and clinically relevant ALD model enabling a better understanding of this disease and support of drug discovery.
Public Health Relevance Statement: PROJECT NARRATIVE Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), as developed gradually following moderate to heavy drinking, is associated with a number of other serious diseases and increased mortality. The available research models for studying this disease have not been successful in recreating major characteristics of the progress of this disease in humans and as a result to provide insights for new, effective drug developments. Despite the profound economic and health impact, there is no Food and Drug Administration–approved therapy for any stage of ALD, emphasizing the need for research to identify new specific, efficient treatments for the different stages of ALD in human patients. In this proposal we aim to combine recent advances in engineering, biology and medicine to develop a human ALD-Chip to address the above unmet needs in human ALD. At Emulate we have proprietary technology on the organs-on-chips we apply to develop human organ-chips that can faithfully recapitulate the architecture and functionality of human organs. Along these lines we have recently developed a human Liver - Chip that provides the best available dynamic human liver model as it concerns organ level functions over a prolonged, four weeks period, we will use for the modelling of the different ALD stages: alcoholic fatty liver, ASH and alcoholic fibrosis. We will focus particularly in the mechanisms and endpoints associated with the potential for reversibility of the pathology, as described in human patients. This project will generate the proof of concept that the Emulate's ALD-chip can be optimized to provide a human, clinically-relevant platform for studying ALD in humans and support new drug discovery and biomarkers identification in a patient-specific manner.
Project Terms: Address; alcohol abstinence; Alcohol consumption; alcohol effect; alcohol exposure; Alcoholic Fatty Liver; Alcoholic Hepatitis; Alcoholic Liver Diseases; Alcohols; Animals; Architecture; base; Biology; biomarker discovery; biomarker identification; Blood; cell injury; Cells; Cessation of life; Characteristics; clinically relevant; Coculture Techniques; Communities; Comorbidity; Data; Development; diagnostic biomarker; Discontinuous Capillary; Disease; Disease model; Disease Progression; Dose; drug development; drug discovery; drug efficacy; drug testing; Drug toxicity; dynamic system; Economics; Endothelial Cells; Engineering; Environment; Ethanol; Ethanol dependence; experimental study; Exposure to; Fatty Liver; Fibrosis; Frequencies; Goals; Gold; Health; Heavy Drinking; Hepatocyte; Hepatotoxicity; Human; human disease; In Vitro; in vivo; Individual; Inflammation; insight; Kupffer Cells; Length; lipid biosynthesis; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; liver development; Liver Dysfunction; Liver Fibrosis; liver function; liver injury; Liver Regeneration; Measures; Medical; Medicine; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; mortality; novel; novel therapeutic intervention; novel therapeutics; Organ; Pathology; Patients; Phase; Phenotype; Physiological; Physiology; pre-clinical; Preclinical Drug Evaluation; prevent; Primary carcinoma of the liver cells; problem drinker; Process; Prognostic Marker; Progressive Disease; prototype; repaired; Research; response; Severities; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Steatohepatitis; Study models; Suggestion; System; targeted biomarker; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Toxic effect; Translating; United States Food and Drug Administration; Validation
