In this proposal we seek to develop a new method and instrument to reduce the complexity of protein mixtures derived from human fluids with an eye to discovery of very low-abundance protein biomarkers. The proposed method accomplishes two tasks: it reduces the dynamic range of the protein mixture by three or more orders of magnitude and it concentrates proteins by a factor of 100 or more so that low- abundance can be detected and concentration differences noted. The method does not use antibodies, combinatorial peptide libraries, carrier ampholytes or solid-liquid adsorption equilibria such as HPLC. The samples produced are compatible with 2D gel electrophoresis and 2D liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry approaches. By using different physical methods to separate the protein mixtures, the goal is to uncover new biomarkers that have eluded existing state-of-the-art methods. After development, the proposed method and instrument will be demonstrated using human plasma, where a sample from a lung cancer patient is compared with a reference that does not have cancer. Additional low-abundance proteins that are potential biomarkers will be uncovered when compared with traditional immunodepletion methods.
Public Health Relevance Statement: Public Health Relevance: Proteomics is a powerful approach that can be used to assess the state of a cell, tissue or organism. This proposal seeks to develop a method and instrument to simplify complex protein mixtures derived from human fluids that delves deeper into the proteome than existing state-of-the-art methods. The goal is to uncover very dilute proteins that indicate disease. It is intended as a research tool, and not one for the clinic, and the results would be used to create diagnostic tests using traditional methods. It would affect the fields of discovery of diagnostic markers to identify and development of pharmaceuticals that are used to treat disease.
NIH Spending Category: Biotechnology; Cancer; Lung; Lung Cancer
Project Terms: Acids; Acrylamides; Adsorption; Affect; Affinity; Ampholyte Mixtures; Antibodies; Area; Attention; base; Benchmarking; Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Blood Plasma Volume; Cancer Patient; Cells; Charge; Clinic; Clinical; clinically relevant; cohort; combinatorial; Companions; Complex; cost; Couples; Development; Devices; Diagnostic; Diagnostic tests; differential expression; Disease; DNA; Electrolytes; Electrophoresis; Equation; Equilibrium; Eye; Gel; gel electrophoresis; Goals; Health; High Pressure Liquid Chromatography; Human; Industry; instrument; internal control; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoelectric Point; Left; Liquid Chromatography; Liquid substance; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Malignant Neoplasms; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Measurement; Measures; Membrane; Methods; Mutation; novel; Organic solvent product; Organism; Pathway interactions; Patients; Peptide Library; Peptides; Pharmacologic Substance; Phase; physical property; Plasma; Precipitation; Process; Proteins; Proteome; Proteomics; Reagent; Research; Research Infrastructure; Residual volume; RNA; Sample Size; Sampling; Sodium Chloride; Solid; Solutions; Solvents; Stratification; Surface; surfactant; tandem mass spectrometry; Testing; Tissues; tool; trend; Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis; Vacuum; Variant; Work
