Brock Rogers Surgical proposes to develop and fabricate a prototype system for remote tele-presense surgery based on the breadboard force-reflecting laparoscopic tele-manipulator designed during Phase I. The system will enable diagnostic and therapeutic intervention using minimally invasive surgical techniques in patients located in remote or hostile environments. During Phase II, surgical end-effectors configured as standard surgical, micro-surgical, and laparoscopic instruments will be fitted with force micro-sensors. The end-effector designs will be evaluated for clinical utility during in-vitro and animal studies. The Phase II effort also proposes the development of a tele-surgical workstation that integrates the dexterous force-reflecting instrument controls and video display into an intuitive, surgeon friendly configuration. Significant Phase II development work will involve fabrication and testing of software control mechanics providing algorithms for enhance instrument functions, and compensating for bandwidth and latency issues. Phase II will continue the process of identifying the materials and electronics necessary for biocompatibility and FDA approval, and analyzing the equipment and disposable designs to optimize fidelity, user convenience, and cost-effectiveness.