SBIR-STTR Award

Historically organophosphorus compounds such as insecticides and nerve agents have been susceptible to decomposition by proteinaceous enzymes. Organophosphate hydrolases (OPH) represent a practical method to deactivate such compounds peripherally and on surfaces. However, when such organophosphates are ingested, the use of proteinaceous enzymes such as OPH can be problematic because of their tendency to produce an immune response. In order to avoid this issue, Accacia International will manipulate DNA oligonucleotides using a novel and innovative selection method. DNA aptamers will be selected through the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) method to accomplish the task of creating an enzyme surrogate.

Keywords:
Aptamers, Selex, Enzyme, Organophosphates, Catalytically Active Oligonucleotides

Nerve agents (NA) such as sarin, soman, tabun or VX are organophosphate compounds similar to those used as pesticides but with much higher toxicity that can cause death within minutes. Use of NA weapons of mass destruction has become a real threat since the Iraq–Iran war in the 1980s and the sarin attacks against civilians in Japan in 1994 and 1995. Nerve agents are relatively simple and inexpensive to produce, transport, and deploy and are the most toxic of the known chemical warfare agents. Therefore, there is an increasing threat of their use for terrorist purposes against military and civilian populations. This calls for effective preventive and therapeutic preparedness. Currently available antidotes are not very effective. We propose to develop adaptazymes (catalytic oligonucleotides) that would hydrolyze soman and other NAs and organophosphates. We will partner with Battelle, Texas A&M University and Archemix to develop and market our adaptazyme technology. Such adaptazymes would find commercial application in preventive and therapeutic treatment of NA and organophosphate pesticide poisoning in humans and animals. These adaptazymes would also be very useful for decontamination of environmental deposits of organophosphates.

Keywords:
Organophosphate, Adaptazyme, Soman, Nerve Agent, Organophosphate Hydrolase, Methyl Parathion, Acetylcholine Esterase, Oligonucleotide