Applied Sciences, Inc. ("ASI") specializes in R&D in the advacned materials space having a particular focus on novel carbon materials from the vapor phase with high thermal conductivity. Involved in the federal SBIR Program in the early years and still active, materials currently under development in the firm include vapor-grown carbon fibers, carbon nanofibers, conductive thin films, and nanomat. In addition to superior thermal performance, these materials possess various other desirable properties, including low cost.. ASI had previously obtained funding for accelerated development of its Pyrograf® carbon fiber under the Department of Commerce's Advanced Technology Program (ATP), which supports "strategic, high-risk research in cutting-edge technology". Nanographite Materials ("NGM") is a joint venture between Applied Sciences, Inc. and GSI Creos Corporation, ("GSI"). The latter is co-located with ASI in Cedarville, Ohio and GSI in Japan. NGM is devoted to the production and marketing of Pyrograf®-I vapor grown carbon fiber, and composite materials based on this fiber. Also ASI has spun off a manufacturing affiliate, Pyrograf Products, Inc., ("PPI"), for production of a vapor grown carbon fiber products, Pyrograf-III carbon nanofibers, developed by ASI.