SBIR-STTR Award

According to the Department of Energy, the built environment represents more than 70 percent of U.S. electrical load and 38 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. Electricity used by lighting, water heating, and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) are projected to remain relatively flat by 2030, but miscellaneous electric loads (MELs) are projected to increase dramatically, from 18 percent of electricity in commercial buildings in 2001 to as much as 38 percent in 2035. New approaches to behavior-based energy efficiency in existing commercial buildings are necessary because occupants, rather than facility managers, will hold primary influence over the majority of electricity usage. Recent developments in psychology and sociology indicate that showing one's energy consumption relative to peers has significant potential to driving savings due to normative effects. In addition, emotional appeals that use animated characters to elicit empathy have been shown in early tests to significantly increase motivation to conserve resources. However, the cost to develop and test normative feedback and empathetic characters historically has been prohibitive, stifling innovation in this area. Reasons for stagnation include a lack of cost-effective ways to reach building occupants in commercial environments (websites require users to actively visit them to experience feedback, which is a significant barrier), and the manual, labor-intensive development of animated characters. Our team, comprised of original members of the Oberlin College P3 team, will develop novel software that (1) provides for rapid development of empathetic characters in minutes instead of weeks, and (2) links ambient low-earth orbit (LEOs) with a pre-existing energy data application programming interface (API) to encourage ongoing conservation behaviors by glowing certain colors in the user's immediate environment when energy usage is low (green) or high (red) compared to historical patterns. The resulting software, using the latest HTMLS standards and viewable on PCs, tablets and mobile devices, will enable rapid iterative improvements in character development and, by leveraging mass production of certain light-emitting diodes (LEDs), such as Blink and Philips Hue from the consumer electronics industry, dramatically reduce the cost of delivering normative feedback inside commercial offices. Supplemental

Keywords:
energy efficiency, conservation, software, empathetic character, electricity, LED, commercial building

Patterns of electricity generation and consumption in the United States have rapidly changed over the past decade and are forecasted to continue doing so in coming decades. On the supply side, increasing generation from renewable sources has raised concerns about the ability of the electrical grid to stay stable given renewables’ intermittent and distributed nature, and has increased calls for new low-cost demand response (DR) capacity that can be added to grid operators’ arsenal of demand management tools. On the demand-side, consumption from behavior-driven miscellaneous electrical loads in commercial buildings is projected to increase dramatically, from 18% of electricity in commercial buildings in 2001 to as much as 38% in 2035. This has left facility managers and policy experts uncertain of how to keep electricity consumption and peak demand, and their associated costs, in check as occupants, rather than facility managers, increasingly hold primary influence over electricity usage and consumption patterns.