Phase II year
2015
(last award dollars: 2018)
Phase II Amount
$3,337,013
The present application "Novel Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder" addresses the critical need for efficacious treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A key neural signaling cascade activated by a trauma experience is initiated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Activation of the NMDA receptor, a glutamate receptor subtype, results in subsequent activation of the enzyme neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and, ultimately, an increase in the production of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO). These events trigger aberrant synaptic plasticity that is implicated in the initiation and maintenance of PTSD. Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) targets nNOS to the NMDA receptor and is, therefore, required for NMDA receptor activation of nNOS. Dr. Lai, Principal investigator for this project, first showed that the small molecule inhibitor IC87201 disrupts the functional protein-protein interaction between nNOS and PSD95 in vitro and attenuates NMDA receptor dependent hyperalgesia in vivo. Our preclinical team, led by Dr. Shekhar (Founder of Anagin), has now shown that IC87201 and a related analog, ZL006, block the long-term encoding of conditioned fear even after a fear conditioning session has occurred (i.e. post-trauma). Unlike NMDA receptor antagonists, these protein interaction inhibitors are efficacious without impairing motor movement or memory. Thus, disruption of signal compartmentalization represents an innovative approach to develop novel treatments for anxiety disorders with fewer side-effects. We have assembled a collaborative team with synergistic and complementary expertise to unite extensive combined experience in drug discovery (Lai), development of novel preclinical stress and memory models (Shekhar and Hohmann), chemical optimization of lead compounds (Thakur) and target validation (Lai and Hohmann) to conduct work proposed under two Specific Aims. Aim 1 of this proposal will characterize the pharmacokinetic profile and oral efficacy of our lead inhibitors. Aim 2 will then use a traditional drug medicinal chemistry approach to design and develop a back up chemical series with improved solubility and potency compared to the parent compounds. Results from this SBIR Phase I study will lay the foundation for further lead optimization and preclinical development of nNOS targeting inhibitors as novel treatments for PTSD in Phase II. These studies are expected to validate the disruption of signal protein compartmentalization as an innovative and feasible approach to drug development. The development of effective pharmacotherapies with novel chemical structures that possess limited side- effect profiles is expected to drive down escalating health care costs and alleviate unnecessary suffering in PTSD patients.
Public Health Relevance Statement: Public Health Relevance: Posttraumatic distress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent, disabling condition for which effective therapies are still lacking, resulting in significant suffeing and socioeconomic burden. This proposal seeks to develop novel small molecule inhibitors that specifically disrupt a major neuronal signaling pathway implicated in persistence of PTSD symptoms. The proposed studies will characterize the preclinical efficacy of these inhibitors and develop novel analogs based on our initial chemical leads.
Project Terms: Address; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; American; Amygdaloid structure; analog; Anxiety Disorders; aspartate receptor; Attenuated; Auditory; Aversive Stimulus; Back; base; Biological Assay; Biological Neural Networks; Cells; Chemical Structure; Chemicals; Chronic; Clinical; conditioned fear; cost; Coupled; Coupling; Cues; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; design; Development; disability; Disease; Distress; Dose; drug candidate; drug development; drug discovery; Drug Formulations; Drug Kinetics; effective therapy; Enzyme Activation; Event; experience; Exposure to; Extinction (Psychology); Financial compensation; Foundations; functional disability; Functional disorder; Future; Genes; Glutamate Receptor; Glutamates; Goals; Guanylate Cyclase; Health; Health Care Costs; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Hyperalgesia; improved; In Vitro; in vivo; inhibitor/antagonist; innovation; Knock-out; Lead; Long-Term Potentiation; Maintenance; Medical; Memory; Memory impairment; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Movement; N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors; N-Methylaspartate; neurotransmission; Neurotransmitters; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; NMDA receptor antagonist; novel; Oral; Parents; Pathological anxiety; Patients; Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacotherapy; Phase; phase 1 study; Phase I Clinical Trials; Plasma; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; postsynaptic density protein; pre-clinical; Pre-Clinical Model; preclinical efficacy; Prefrontal Cortex; Presynaptic Terminals; Prevention strategy; Principal Investigator; Production; protein protein interaction; Proteins; psychologic; receptor; Receptor Activation; Receptor Signaling; response; Rods (Retina); Role; Scaffolding Protein; Secondary Prevention; Series; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Signaling Molecule; Signaling Protein; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; small molecule; socioeconomics; Solubility; Stimulus; Stress; Symptoms; Synaptic plasticity; Testing; Therapeutic; Toxic effect; Trauma; traumatic event; treatment of anxiety disorders; Validation; Veterans; Work
